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                    SWARMING  Introduction Model Mathematical models Evolutionary models Agents Self-organization Emergence Stigmergy Swarm intelligence Algorithms Ant colony optimization Swarm behaviour , or   swarming , is a   collective behaviour   exhibited by entities, particularly animals, of similar size which aggregate together, perhaps milling about the same spot or perhaps moving   en masse   or   migrating   in some direction. It is a highly interdisciplinary topic. [ 1 ] As a term,  swarming  is applied particularly to insects, but can also be applied to any other entity or animal that exhibits swarm behaviour. The term  flocking  or  murmuration  can refer specifically to swarm behaviour in birds,  herding  to refer to swarm behaviour in  tetrapods , and  shoaling  or  schooling  to refer to swarm behaviour in fish. ...